|
How do you know if your car needs a front end alignment? Vibrations, shimmy, and shaking felt in the steering wheel are
usually not a sign of needing a front end alignment. A front end alignment, or four wheel alignment as it is commonly referred
to these days due to the fact that the rear end of the vehicle can also be adjusted, does just what the name implies align,
or line up the direction of the wheels so the vehicle is pointed in a straight line.
Caster, camber, and toe are terms
used to describe the direction of the wheel in relation to the body of the vehicle. The front of the tire can be pointed in
toward the center of the vehicle thus "toed in." When the front of the tire is pointed outward, it is referred to as "toed
out." Both of these problems can quickly wear down the tread of a tire and can cause a "pull" in one direction of the front
end. The top of the wheel can also lean in toward the center of the vehicle or lean out away from the vehicle, causing a camber
problem. This situation can also cause tire wear and a pull to one direction in the front end. Caster measures the relationship
of the left and right wheels to each other. If one wheel is farther forward or back from the other wheel, then there is a
caster problem. Caster will usually not cause tire wear, but will cause the front end to pull to one side, and this problem
is commonly found on wrecked vehicles.
So what causes shimmy and shakes in the front end? The biggest culprit is an
out-of-balance or out-of-round tire. As the tread on the tire wears, it will need to be re-balanced to evenly distribute the
weight of the tire and the wheel. To do this, small lead weight is attached to the outside of the wheel and a machine is used
to spin the tire and wheel to check balance. Tires should be balanced and rotated every 12,000 miles (approximately every
four oil changes) to ensure even tire wear and extend tread life. Out-of-round means the tire has worn unevenly and cannot
be balanced. An out-of-round tire will have to be replaced. I have even seen new tires that were out-of-round due to a manufacturing
defect.
Hitting a curb or large pot hole can cause the wheel weights to come off, and sometimes the weights sling
off the wheel at high speed if they were not installed properly. Out-of-round or out-of-balance will not cause a pull in the
front end, but will definitely cause shakes and shimmies. If you can drive out of a shake or shimmy by varying the speed of
the car, it is a good clue that you have an out-of-balance problem. A simple way to check tire balance: if the shimmy is present
at one speed, but better or not present at a different speed, then a balance problem is likely. An out-of-round tire or a
bent wheel will usually produce a wobble or shimmy at all speeds, and replacement of the tire or wheel is usually the cure.
Regular tire rotation is the best way to extend the life of a tire. Ask your mechanic which way to rotate the tires
depending on how the tread is wearing. Crossing tires in an "X" pattern is usually the standard way to rotate most tires,
but moving the front tires to the back in some cases is recommended to place the best tires on the front. The majority of
the stopping power of the vehicle comes from the front brakes, so the best tires should stay on the front for safety. Caution:
Some tires are "directional" and must stay on one side of the vehicle, due to the fact that the tire was made for the tread
to only travel in one direction.
A vibration or shaking that is felt in the steering wheel only when the brakes are
applied is not a front end alignment problem, but a brake problem. Have the brakes inspected and make sure to tell your mechanic
about the shaking that you feel in the steering wheel when you apply the brakes. This vibration may not be felt by the mechanic
on a quick test drive around the block, so be specific. During this brake inspection, it would also be a great time to rotate
the tires since you are already paying the labor to remove the wheels.
|
